DDIT3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Lv (2019) found that ginsenoside CK (5, 10, 20 mg/kg/d for 15 d) was able to dose-dependently induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in SMMC-7721 cells and xenograft mice by up-regulating the expression of GRP78, p-IF2α, p-JNK, Caspase4 and CHOP. Chen JX et al. (2020) further revealed that ginsenosides CK(20, 40, 60 μg/mL for 24, 48, 72 h) induced apoptosis in HCC cells HepG2 by upregulating the expression of cleaved Caspase3, cleaved PARP, GRP78, CHOP, cleaved Caspase 4, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK and p-eIF2α, and downregulating the expression of p-STAT3.