ATF4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Chen J (2019) found that 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid was able to promote the expression of ATF4, CHOP, IRE1, XBP1s and LC3BII in vivo (25, 50 mg/kg/d for 1 month) and in vitro (100,150,200 μM for 24 h), to block the cell cycle at G0/G1 through ERS, and to induce apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells SMMC-7721 and HepG2.