Zou P et al. (2016) found that piperlongumine (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L for 24, 48 h) upregulated the expression of p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP in SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells, activating the lethal ERS to promote GC cell apoptosis. Upon inhibition of CHOP, apoptosis was attenuated. Animal experiment also confirmed the inhibitory effect of piperlongumine (4.12 mg/kg/2d for 15d) on GC proliferation in mice. A recent study observed that piperlongumine also synergized with a chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib to inhibit cholangiocarcinoma (Naradun N et al., 2023). The gene discussed is DDIT3; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.