Shen et al. (2020) conducted a transplantation of fecal matter from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease into the intestines of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. The researchers observed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the mice, along with an increase in proinflammatory factors, exacerbation of neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Zhang et al. (2019) conducted fecal transplantation experiments involving depression and anxiety model rats and wild-type mice, as well as NLRP3 gene knockout mice. Here, NLRP3 is linked to major depressive disorder.