Interestingly, transgenic animals with either mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) or mitochondrial complex I deficits in DAergic neurons recapitulate the neurobehavioral, neurochemical and neurodegenerative changes of PD (Trancikova et al., 2012; Doric and Nakamura, 2021; Henrich et al., 2023). Here, TFAM is linked to Parkinson disease.