MAPK3 and Cowden disease: Cd-induced thyroid cancer rats exhibited alterations in the level of mRNA expression viz., ERK4 (Fig. 8a), Bax (Fig. 8b), Bcl-2 (Fig. 8c), ERK1 (Fig. 8d), MEK1 (Fig. 8e), elf2α (Fig. 8f), p-elf2α (Fig. 8g), GRP78 (Fig. 8h), GRP94 (Fig. 8i) and Lusianthridin treatment significantly (P < 0.001) restored the level of mRNA expression (Fig. 8).