ATM and prostate carcinoma: Treatment with BPA has been reported to affect the cell cycle by mediating cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in prostate cancer cells through activation of the EGFR/ERK/p53 signaling pathway [32] and in human lung fibroblasts by inducing double-strand breaks (DSB)-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-p53 signaling [26].