As for pro-inflammatory cytokine elimination, the development of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody F(ab')2 fragment afelimomab significantly reduces circulating levels of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and slightly prolongs survival in sepsis patients with elevated IL-6 (Gallagher et al., 2001). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.