MTOR and cancer: Although cell migration is considered to be regulated by mTORC2,32 our results together with some other reports also suggest a possible role of mTORC1 in cancer or immune cell migration.119–124 Therefore, mTOR inhibitors (e.g., Everolimus and Temsirolimus) are being actively investigated as cancer therapeutics.125 Our identification of ATP6AP1 as a regulator and de facto GEF of Rheb may also have important clinical implications.