TNF and neoplasm: For example, recombinant human Interleukin 2 (IL2), Interferon alpha (IFN-α), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have gained marketing authorization for the treatment of certain tumor types (Fyfe et al, 1995; Eggermont et al, 1996; Minutilli and Feliciani, 2012), but their clinical use is limited by insufficient activity and substantial toxicity, even at low (sub-milligram) doses.