Meanwhile, STN-DBS exerted a ‘rapamycin’ like effect, increasing the expression of SOD and GSH in SN, compared with the mice without stimulation, indicating that STN-DBS played an antioxidant role in PD mice, which was disrupted by using an mTOR activator (Fig. 4a, b) (n = 6). Here, MTOR is linked to Parkinson disease.