CD8A and neoplasm: The TME encompasses an array of constituents, including diverse cancer cells, immune cells, vasculature, stromal elements, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins, manifesting a variety of markers, such as CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD68+ tissue-associated macrophages, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene signature [3, 11, 12].