Inhibitors of BMP receptor (BMPR1A) and forced expression of GREM2 shifted tryptophan metabolism from kynurenine/quinolinic acid production to serotonin production in malignant meningiomas, reduced NAD + /NADH production, decreased gene cluster expression involved in oxidative phosphorylation, and caused decrease in ATP. This evidence concerns the gene BMPR1A and Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma.