CREB1 and viral infectious disease: Accumulation of CREB1 in the cytoplasm but not the nucleus was observed upon viral infection (Fig. 1d), which suggested that SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection may attenuate the expression of CREB1 downstream genes, which play important roles in cell growth, immune regulation, and gluconeogenesis, and that the nsp13/CREB1 interaction may play potential roles in the pathogenesis of the virus.