TNF and schizophrenia: In the context of schizophrenia, researchers have found evidence of cytokines such as C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) being associated with endophenotypes and varying disease status of schizophrenia (Lesh et al., 2018; Lin et al., 2021).