In our previous studies, HBx was found to be involved in the onset and development of HBV-GN by activating the NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle signalling pathway through inhibition of miR-223 expression or inducing overexpression of PLA2R on the membrane of the podocyte, leading to podocyte pyroptosis (Yu et al., 2022; Feng et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene PLA2R1 and ganglioneuroma.