SMAD2 and Myocardial fibrosis: For example, the flavonoids like puerarin, icariin, luteolin, baicalin and methylophiopogonanone A etc can effectively inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis through regulating the expression of caspase-3 and Akt/STAT3 signaling pathway, which can also be used to treat myocardial fibrosis through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.