In addition, other mechanisms and associated biomarkers such as interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) etc also contribute to HF formation [39,40]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hydrops fetalis.