By combining the ratio of GABRD+- or GPR162+- carrying pTau217 EVs, the corresponding size of distribution mode of GABRD+- or GPR162+- carrying pTau217 EVs, and the age of the subjects, the logistic regression model not only accurately discriminated between AD patients and HC (AUC = 0.96), but also effectively distinguished AD patients from NAD (AUC = 0.91). The gene discussed is GABRD; the disease is Alzheimer disease.