Furthermore, when evaluating the numbers of GABRD+ or GPR162+-carrying pTau217 EVs, we found that the numbers of either GABRD+-carrying pTau217 EVs or GPR162+-carrying pTau217 EVs were significantly fewer in AD than HC, as well as fewer in AD than NAD (not significantly) (Fig. 5c, g; Additional file 2: Table S3). This evidence concerns the gene GABRD and Alzheimer disease.