ARID4B and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Alongside these BCAA changes, we observed higher levels in T2D cases compared to controls of metabolites, mainly keto-acids, found downstream of the BCAA in their catabolism pathways: 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, and 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate.