Although several mechanisms have been elucidated in previous research, such as PKC mediating the high glucose-induced upregulation of TGF-β1 and fibronectin synthesis by HPMC, leading to the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix and eventual peritoneal fibrosis [55], and Ang II-induced TGF-β1 and fibronectin expression in HPMC being mediated by NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS [56], our study presents the first report of HIF-1α promoting TGF-β1 mRNA levels, promoter transcription activity and protein levels under specific conditions. This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and Peritoneal Fibrosis.