INS and Autoimmunity: Previous studies have shown that T1D incidence among children is higher in males than in females.28 A Finnish study that analyzed 3,277 children (<10 years old) diagnosed with T1D reported that boys more often had insulin autoantibody-initiated autoimmunity, whereas glutamic acid decarboxylase-initiated autoimmunity was observed more frequently in girls.29 In our study, the AAPC among females showed a declining trend compared to males, thus indicating that more attention should be paid to diabetes care for young males.