ENGAGE-AF-TIMI 48 [48] trial demonstrated patients with AF receiving clinical based warfarin dosing who were deemed sensitive and highly sensitive responders to warfarin on genetic testing (incorporating CYP2C9 (*2 and *3 alleles; rs1799853 and rs1057910) and VKORC1 (-1639G->A; rs9923231)) were more likely to bleed and have raised INRs. This evidence concerns the gene VKORC1 and atrial fibrillation.