High levels of Mtb-specific IgG1 against PPD, ESAT/CFP10, Ag85A/B, PstS1, Apa, Mpt46 and GroES were observed in the CSF of nearly all TBM patients but not in control subjects with non-infectious CNS disorders from the same endemic region (Fig. 1A). This evidence concerns the gene HSPE1 and meningeal tuberculosis.