Based on its specific and efficient effect on brain VEGFR-3 signaling and to avoid possible blood vessel leakage induced by VEGF-C/VEGFR-2 signaling that may worsen brain damage after stroke, we next chose to deliver recombinant VEGF-C156S (1 μg) into the CSF following tMCAO immediately after reperfusion. Here, VEGFA is linked to stroke disorder.