For instance, the interleukin-1beta inhibitor canakinumab has been shown to reduce HF-related hospitalization and mortality,224,225 and cumulative incidence of lung cancer in atherosclerotic patients,226 raising the question whether targeting inflammation, a shared pathomechanistic pathway of both HF and cancer, could mean a solution for decreasing cancer burden of HF patients. Here, IL1B is linked to lung cancer.