To enhance polarisation of macrophages to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, sotigalimab (humised IgG1 agonistic CD40 antibody; alias: APX005M) was combined with inhibition of CSFR1 via cabiralizumab and co-administered with nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in patients with anti-PD-1/PD-L1-resistant melanoma, RCC, and NSCLC (192). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma.