It has been reported that leprosy-associated class II HLA genes include HLA-DRB1 in Vietnamese (143, 175), HLA-DQA1/HLA-DPB1 in Brazilian, HLA-DQB1 in Mestizo (173), HLA-DRB1 in Argentinean (144), HLA-DRB1/HLA-DR-DQ in Chinese (116, 142, 176), and HLA-DQA1/HLA-DRB1 in Indian (128). The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is leprosy.