For instance, cuproptosis affects the activity of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (23); Dexmedetomidine mitigates cerebral infarction in I/R rat models by blocking FDX1-mediated cuproptosis (24); Cuproptosis has been shown to impact both presynaptic and postsynaptic regulatory mechanisms in a mouse model of cognitive dysfunction (25). Here, FDX1 is linked to brain infarction.