Notably, certain studies suggest that the association of VDR genotype polymorphisms with cancer risk may be contingent upon other factors, such as sun exposure.46The predominant focus of molecular epidemiological studies in recent years, encompassing both case–control and nested case–control designs, has been on women, aiming to explore the correlation between VDR polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer. Here, VDR is linked to breast carcinoma.