TLR9 and COVID-19: In case that – as shown earlier – these proteins facilitate the uptake of self cfDNA into pDCs and monocytes (239) and thereby potentiate its immunogenic potential to trigger pro-inflammatory effects through the TLR9 pathway (351), the net outcome of treating severe COVID-19 patients at the later stages of the disease with LL-37 might be fatal, as SARS-CoV-2 infection has significantly declined, while the inflammatory response escalates dramatically, becoming predominant (67).