In a study by Li T et al., 40 d after treatment with nanovaccine in tumor-bearing mice, the increase in the proportion of CD8+ Tcm cells in peripheral blood was detected, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IFN-γ were significantly upregulated after reinoculation of tumor cells, suggesting that CD8+ Tcm cells might recognize the reinvading tumor cells and thus elicit an antitumor immune response [15]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.