HNF4G and Gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Although the exact mechanism by which rs1478947 might increase gastrointestinal hemorrhage risk remains unclear, rs1478947 is in complete LD (r2 = 1.0) with rs1478948 (located 30 base pairs upstream from rs1478947), variations of which may alter the binding motif for transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF4).26 HNF4A (located on chromosome 20) is localized to intestine, kidneys, and liver, whereas HNF4G is located on chromosome 8 (same as rs1478947) and primarily expressed in the small bowel [42].