In breast cancer, SMARCE1 is required for invasion of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) through basement membrane by up-regulating multiple ECM-degrading proteases including collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases such as urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU) that degrade laminin, another main component of basement membrane (30) (Fig. 2A). This evidence concerns the gene SMARCE1 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.