PLAU and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: In breast cancer, SMARCE1 is required for invasion of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) through basement membrane by up-regulating multiple ECM-degrading proteases including collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases such as urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU) that degrade laminin, another main component of basement membrane (30) (Fig. 2A).