In addition, the elevated p-JNK expression is due to a high ROS production because treatment with NAC (a cellular ROS scavenger) (Figure 6) and mitoquinone mesylate (a mitochondrion-targeted ROS scavenger) (Figure 7) abolish both JNK pathway activation and mitochondrial apoptosis in NDUFB3-overexpressed HCC cells. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.