NOD1 and cancer: The results showed that NOD1-knockdown significantly inhibited ETBF or BFT-1-induced BCSC enrichment (Figs. 3A, 3C, S7B–D and S8A) and suppressed the ETBF or BFT-1-induced upregulation of stemness genes (Figs. 3B, 3D and S8B), suggesting that NOD1 mediated ETBF or BFT-1-enhanced cancer cell stemness.