SLC5A2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: However, our study followed the active-comparator design, and such unmeasurable bias would have occurred equally in the SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 RA groups, leaving the relative risk estimates from the treatment comparisons more reliable.15,61,62 Third, while the CGRD does not contain comprehensive smoking history information, we included important respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, associated with smoking exposure, in the propensity-score model to mitigate their impacts on our findings.