INS and diabetes mellitus: T2DM was identified using the following objective criteria: (i) HbA1c levels ≥48 mmol/mol as per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria (1) and/or (ii) use of any of the following antidiabetic medications as per the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Classification system (ATC) codes: insulins and analogs (A10A), blood-glucose-lowering drugs excluding insulins (A10B), or other diabetes drugs (A10X).