IL1B and congenital isolated hyperinsulinism: A possible mechanism by which nVNS reduces IL1-β specifically in neurons could be its action on inflammasome activation.23 We previously reported that inflammasome activity contributes to cognitive dysfunction in CHI models.6,39 A growing body of evidence suggests that neuronal NLRP1 (nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 1) inflammasome activity contributes to AD,40–43 hence further studies evaluating the nVNS role on neuronal NLRP1 inflammasome are needed.