IL1B and Cognitive impairment: Diffuse or concussive TBI caused by vehicular accidents, sports concussions, and explosive devices is associated with cognitive and psychiatric sequelae that may cause significant functional impairment through unknown mechanisms.4 Inflammation has a significant role in aggravating secondary injury after human and experimental TBI.5 In particular, we previously showed that closed head injury (CHI) induced endothelial cell activation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and global deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1–/–) prevented post-injury cognitive deficits in mice.6