TP53 and cancer: 34. Once the mutation or aberrant activation of key molecules in the DNA repair signaling pathway could lead to the chemoresistance and tumor progression 43-45. Among these signaling pathway, TP53 is the most frequently altered gene in human malignant tumors 46. Once cells suffering from various stress, p53 would be activated and combined with chromatin to mediate the transcription of its downstream genes47, 48. Upon activation, p53 can mediate diverse cellular process through the downstream targets' functions, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and DNA repair 49, 50.