Though conclusions reached by different studies may appear contradicting, as observed in the case of EBV infection where the virus activates NF-κB in B cells and inhibits NF-κB activation in T cells (Dreyfus et al., 1999), the only explanation may be that the particular mechanism is unique to the type of infection and conditions involved. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection.