IL18 and viral infectious disease: As known that IL-18 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine (Ihim et al., 2022), therefore, the observed increase in the expression of IL-18 in the presence of alloferon sustaintiates that alloferon is indeed an immune modulator and its immunomodulatory effect in viral infections is not only limited to anti-inflammation but includes pro-inflammation as well to secure a balanced immunity.