In the skin models of systemic sclerosis and psoriasis mice, which are also autoimmune diseases, the use of paquinimod targeting S100A9 reduced skin fibrosis and improved skin inflammation (Stenström et al., 2016; Khaleel and Zalzala, 2023; Silva De Melo et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene S100A9 and systemic sclerosis.