It has been reported that SCFAs can effectively attenuate LPS-induced ARDS in rats by enhancing intestinal barrier function, modulating signaling pathways such as MAPK and NF-κB, leading to a decrease in the release of inflammatory factors and an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory factors, thus having a modulating effect on immunity and inflammation (35). Here, NFKB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.