Investigating atypical, CD11c+ memory B cells (Figure 1J) showed that at W52 of cladribine treatment there were significantly lower numbers of CD11c+CD38- and CD38+ memory B cells whereas no difference was observed for CD38-CD27- B cells compared to untreated patients with RRMS (Figure 1K). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.