PARP1 and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Sunny Malhotra et al. discovered that NF-κB is involved in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, serving as a prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.594 Furthermore, inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), an upstream regulator of NF-κB signaling, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis and its animal models.595