Hyperactivation of the NF-κB pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially the severe phenotype.473 The activation of NF-κB by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).474 While these cytokines play a critical role in fighting off viral infections, cytokine storm can occur in severe cases of COVID-19. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is viral infectious disease.