Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated intestinal disorder caused by intolerance to gluten ingestion.354 The pathogenesis of CD involves innate and adaptive immunity, primarily mediated by the infiltration of lymphocytes, particularly T cells, into the small intestinal epithelium.355 The upregulation of the NF-κB pathway and its downstream cytokines, such as IL-8, in the intestinal mucosa suggests the involvement of NF-κB in the development of celiac disease.356. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Cowden disease.