NFKB1 and ulcerative colitis: Mohamed El-Sherbiny et al. discovered that betulin demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in experimental ulcerative colitis through modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway.596 However, a significant limitation for its clinical application is its poor solubility in aqueous media, which calls for further research to enhance the drug’s clinical potential and expand its therapeutic applicability.