One promising antibody-based novel agent in multiple myeloma is anti-β2-microglobulin monoclonal antibodies, which have shown remarkable antitumor activity on myeloma both in vitro and in xenograft with low toxicity.541,542 Studies have demonstrated that combining bortezomib with anti-β2-microglobulin monoclonal antibodies can significantly reduce NF-κB activity, induce tumor cell apoptosis, and overcome bortezomib resistance. The gene discussed is HLA-G; the disease is plasma cell myeloma.