IL1B and diabetes mellitus: Pancreatic β-cells activate NIK in response to IL-1β and IFN-γ for non-canonical NF-κB signaling.442 Interestingly, the genetic silencing of NIK, a key molecule in the non-canonical pathway, does not alter the incidence of diabetes and inflammatory response in the mouse model.443 Studies on NF-κB signaling in β-cells have mainly focused on the canonical pathway, and further studies on the role of non-canonical signaling are needed.