It has been shown that activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway combined with anti-PD-1 treatment can yield a complete and durable antitumor response in xenograft of melanoma and colorectal tumors.533 The upregulation of alternative NF-κB pathway in tumor-infiltrating DCs can be induced by anti-PD-1 treatment, leading to subsequent secretion of IL-12, which enhanced CD8 + T cell antitumor activity. Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.