Elevated levels of Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH), an autocrine/paracrine ligand in HNSCC, not only serve as a marker of poor prognosis but also exhibit a significant positive correlation with RUNX2 expression, which, in conjunction with the RUNX2-PTHLH signaling axis, contributes to HNSCC progression [107]. Here, PTHLH is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.