IL6 and cancer: Among the plethora of signalling molecules, interleukin-11 (IL-11), a cytokine in the IL-6 family, has gained attention due to its pernicious role in oncogenesis, promoting tumour cell proliferation, invasiveness, and drug resistance across diverse cancer types [10–12].The IL-11/IL-11RA interaction serves as the linchpin for this signalling cascade, typically culminating in activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway [13, 14], an axis known for its pivotal role in cellular survival and proliferation.