SPDEF and prostate carcinoma: Through univariate Cox regression analysis, 15 genes were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, among which ARHGAP33, CILP2, DHRS2, FAM131B, IL11, TMEM238, and TRAF1 were identified as risk factors (with hazard ratio > 1) and GLB1L2, PDIA3, PPP1R1B, PTPRN2, SCGB1A1, SPDEF, SRPX, and TMED10 as protective factors (with hazard ratio > 1) (Fig. 2 A, S2C).