EPCAM and neoplasm: Numerous preclinical studies and initial findings from early-stage clinical trials have shown improved anti-tumor effects attributable to mechanisms such as Fc-mediated effector functions [73], immunogenic cell death [74, 75], epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) [76] and the direct activation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) [77, 78] for combination therapy with ADCs and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) [79–81].