IFNG and neoplasm: Despite these disappointing clinical results, the anti-PD-1 mAb pembrolizumab, given in a neoadjuvant setting to patients with recurrent GBM, significantly improved OS and progression-free survival and demonstrated a functional activation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a production of an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response within the tumor microenvironment (TME) [10].