In our patient cohort, when compared to the SOCS5 low-expression group (n = 120), high expression of SOCS5 (n = 125) was positively correlated with steatosis, cirrhosis, and longer tumor diameters of HCC, and serum total bile acid levels were higher (Supplementary Table 3, Supplementary Table 4). Here, SOCS5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.