We used six cell surface markers (CD14, CD15, CD45, CD38, CD117, and CD34; Table S7) to identify the major leukocyte populations present in the AML BM-MNCs: monoblasts, myelocytes, leukemic blasts, leukemic stem cells, and myeloid progenitor cells (Fig. S2). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and acute myeloid leukemia.