OTUD4 and neoplasm: As a member of the OTU family, OTUD4 has also been shown to affect cancer progression, for example, on the one hand, OTUD4 acts as an oncogene to facilitate the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer [38] and melanoma [39]; on the other hand, OTUD4 acts as a tumor suppressor gene to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and regulate the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [40].