TARDBP and cancer: The current literature indicates that ibudilast alone does not sufficiently decrease glial activation in ALS patients, which is associated with ALS progression.[12] However, recent studies have suggested that a combination of ibudilast and riluzole maintained or moderately improved the ALSFRS-R score in trials.[12] Tamoxifen, an FDA-approved cancer drug, has been shown to limit the aggregation of TDP-43 in animal trials and has been associated with cell death in ALS patients.[7]